- ACKOFF, R.L. & EMERY, F.E. On Purposeful System: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Individual and Social Behaviour as a System of Purposeful Events. Trowbridge: Tavistock, 1972.
- AITKEN, P.P. Ten-to-fourteen-year-olds and alcohol. Edinburgh: HMSO, 1978.
- ADVISORY COUNCIL ON THE MISUSE OF DRUGS. Aids and Drug Misuse, Part I. London, HMSO, 1988.
- ALEXANDER, B.K., BEYERSTEIN, B.L., HADAWAY, P.F. & COAMBS, R.B. Effect of early and late colony housing on oral ingestion of morphine in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour, 15, 571-576, 1981.
- ALEXANDER, B.K., COOMBS, R.B. & HADAWAY, P.F. The effect of housing and gender on morphine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology, 58, 175-179, 1978.
- ANDERSON, I., AITKEN, P.P. & DAVIES, J.B. Recall of the ordering of the symptoms of alcoholism, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20, 137-138, 1981.
- ANDERSON, G. & BROWN, R.I.F. Some applications of reversal theory to the explanation of gambling and gambling addictions. Journal of Gambling Behaviour, 3(3), 179-190, 1987.
- ANTAKI, C. A brief introduction to attribution and attributional theories. In Antaki, C. and Brewin, C. Attributions and Psychological Change. Academic Press, (1982), (Ch.1, 3-19).
- ASCH, S.E. & WITKIN, H.A. Studies in space orientation: 1. Perception of the upright with displaced visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 325-337, 1948.
- ASCH, S.E. & WITKIN, H.A. Studies in space orientation: 11. Perception of the upright with displaced visual fields and with body tilted. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 255-477, 1948.
- BALL, J.C. The reliability and validity of interview data obtained from 59 narcotic drug addicts. American Journal of Sociology, 72, 650-659, 1967,
- BANDURA, A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: a Social Cognitive Theory. New Jersey; Prentice Hall 1986.
- BARNES, G.M. & WELTE, JW. Patterns and predictors of alcohol use among 1-12th grade students in New York State. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47, 1, 53-62, 1986. (Cited in Casswell et al.)
- BAR-TAL, D. The effects of teachers' behaviour on pupils' attributions: a review. In Antaki, C. and Brewin C., Attributions and Psychological Change. London: Academic Press, 1982.
- BARTLETT, F.C. Remembering: an experimental and social study. London: Cambridge University Press, 1932.
- BELSON, W.A., MILLERSON, G.L. & DIDCOTT, D.J. The development of a procedure for eliciting information from boys about the nature and extent of their stealing. Survey Research Centre: L.S.E., circa 1968 (undated).
- BECKER, M.H., HAEFNER, D.P., KASL, S.V., KIRSCHT, J.P., MAIMAN, L.A. & ROSENSTOCK, I.M. Selected psycho-social models and correlates of individual health-related behaviour. Medical Care, 15 (suppl.), 27-46, 1983. (Cited in King.)
- BEM, D.J. Self-perception theory. In Berkowitz (ed.): Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1972.
- BEM, D.J. Attitudes as self-descriptors: another look at the attitude-behaviour link. In Greenwald, Brock and Ostram (eds.), Psychological Foundations of Attitudes. N.Y: Academic Press, 1968.
- BLOOM, F.E. The Endorphins: A growing family of pharmacological pertinent peptides. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 23, 151-170,1983.
- BOWMAN, W.C. & RAND, M.J. Textbook of Pharmacology, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1980.
- BOZARTH, M. The pre-eminent role of animal studies in comparative substance use. In, Warburton, D.M., Addiction Controversies. London: Harwood, 1990.
- BRADLEY, G.W. Self-serving biases in the attribution process: a re-examination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 56-71, 1978.
- BREWER, M.B. An information processing approach to attribution of responsibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 58-69, 1977.
- BREWIN, C. & ANTAKI, C. The role of attributions in psychological treatment. In Antaki, C. Brewin, C. (Eds.), Attributions and Psychological Change. London: Academic Press, 1982 (Ch.2).
- BROWN, G.W. Meaning, measurement and stress of life events. In Dohrenwend, B.S. and Dohrenwend, B.P. (eds.) Stressful Life Events; their Nature and Effects. New York: Wiley, 1974.
- BROWN, G.W. & HARRIS, T. Fall-off in the reporting of life events. Social Psychiatry, 17, 23-28, 1982.
- BROWN, G.W. & HARRIS, T. The Social Origins of Depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women. London: Tavistock, 1478.
- BROWN, R.I.F. Reversal theory and subjective experience in the explanation of addiction and relapse. In Apter, M.J., Kerr, J.H. and Cowles, M.P. (eds.), Progress in Reversal Theory. Holland, Elsevier, 1988.
- BROWNE, D. Crack. The Observer, Sunday, 24th July, p. 15, 1988.
- CASSWELL, S., STEWART, J., CONNOLLY, G. & SILVA, P. A Longitudinal Study of New Zealand Children's Experience with Alcohol. Alcohol Research Unit. School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 1990.
- CHICK, J. & DUFFY, J. Application to the alcohol dependence syndrome of a method of determining the sequential development of symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 9, 313-319, 1979.
- CHRISTIANO, C..J. Psycho-social correlates Of Smoking behaviour and attitudes. National Clearing House for Smoking and Health (unpublished) 1970.
- CLARK, D. Discriminative properties of drugs of abuse. In Warburton, D.M. (ed.), Addiction Controversies. London: Harwood, 1990.
- COGGANS, N. & DAVIES, J.B. Explanations for Heroin Use. Journal of Drug Issues, 18(3), 457-465, 1988.
- COGGANS, N., SHEWAN, D., HENDERSON, M. & DAVIES, J.B. The National Evaluation of Drug Education in Scotland. Research Monograph 4. London: Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence, 1991.
- COHEN, P. Cocaine Use in Amsterdam in Non-Deviant Subcultures. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, 1989.
- COHEN, P. Desires for Cocaine. In Warburton, D.M. (ed.), Addiction Controversies. Harwood: London, 1990. (Ch.16)
- COHEN, P. Drugs as a Social Construct. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1990.
- COLTHEART, M., PATTERSON, K. & MARSHALL, J.C. (eds.) Deep Dyslexia (2nd edition). London: Routledge Keegan Paul, 1987.
- CONWAY, M. & ROSS, M. Getting what you want by revising what you had. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 4, 738-748, 1984.
- COOK, C.C.H. The Minnesota Mode in the Management of Alcohol and Drug Dependency; Miracle, Method or Myth? Part 11. British Journal of Addiction, 83, 735-748, 1988.
- COOPER, C. & PAYNE, R. Causes, Coping and Consequences of Stress at Work. London, Wiley, 1988.
- CRONBACH, E.J. Essentials of Psychological Testing (2nd Ed.). New York: Harper, 1960.
- CURRAN, J. K2 Triumph and Tragedy. London: Grafton, 1989.
- DAVIES, D.L. Stabilised addiction and normal drinking in recovered alcohol addicts. In Steinberg, H. (ed.), The Scientific Basis of Drug Dependence. London: Churchill, 1969.
- DAVIES, D.L. Normal drinking in recovered alcohol addicts. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 23, 94-104, 1962.
- DAVIES, D.L., SCOTT, D.F. & MALHERBE, M. Resumed normal drinking in recovered psychotic alcoholics. International Journal of the Addictions, 4, 187194, 1969.
- DAVIES, J.B. "Drugspeak": The Analysis of Drug Discourse. Reading: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.
- DAVIES, J.B. Drinking in England and Wales: the latest news from OCPS. British Journal of Addiction, 84, 957-959, 1989.
- DAVIES, J.B. Questions and answers in addiction research. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 1273-1276, 1987.
- DAVIES, J.B. Alcoholism, social policy and intervention. In Eiser, J.R. (ed.), Social Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Chichester: Wiley, 1982.
- DAVIES, J.B. Life stress and the use of illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco: empirical findings, methodological problems and attributions. In Warburton, D. (Ed.), Addiction Controversies. Harwood: London, 1990. (Ch.22)
- DAVIES, J.B. & BAKER, R. The impact of self-presentation and interviewer bias effects on self-reported heroin use. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 907912,1987.
- DAVIES, J.B. & COGGANS, N. The Facts about Adolescent Drug Abuse. London: Cassell, 1991.
- DAVIES, J.B. & STACEY, B. Teenagers and Alcohol. London: HMSO, 1972.
- DiCLEMENTE, C.C., PROCHASKA, J.O., FAIRHURST, S.K., VELICER, W.F., VELASQUEZ, M.M. & ROSSI, J.S. The process of smoking cessation; an analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 2, 295-304, 1991.
- DICKERSON, M.G. Compulsive Gambles. London: Longman, 1984.
- DICKERSON, M., HINCHEY, J. & FABRE, J. Chasing, arousal and sensation seeking in off-course gamblers. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 673-680, 1987.
- DIGHT, S. Scottish Drinking Habits. London: HMSO, 1976.
- DITTON, J. The Scottish Cocaine Research Group. Scottish Cocaine Users: Yuppie Snorters or Ghetto Smokers? University of Glasgow: Update 6. Internal Memorandum, September 1990.
- DORN, N. & SOUTH, N. Reconciling Policy and Practice. In Dorn and South (eds.), A Land Fit For Heroin, 146-169. London: MacMillan, 1986.
- EDWARDS, G. & GROSS, M. Alcohol Dependence: provisional description of a clinical syndrome. British Medical journal, 1, 1058-1061, 1976.
- EDWARDS, G. The Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. In Edwards and Grant (eds.), Alcoholism: New Knowledge and New Responses. London: Croom-Helm, 1977.
- EDWARDS, G., BROWN, D., DUCKITT, A., OPPENHEIMER, E., SHEEHAN, M. & TAYLOR, C. Outcome of alcoholism: the structure of patient attributions as to what causes change. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 533545, 1987.
- EISER, J.R. From attributions to behaviour. In Hewstone, M (ed.), Attribution Theory: Social and Functional Extensions. Oxford: Blackwell 1983.
- EISER, J.R. & GOSSOP, M. "Hooked" or "sick": addicts' perceptions of their addiction. Addictive Behaviours, 4, 185-191, 1979.
- EISER, J.R., SUTTON, S.R. & WOBER, M. Smokers, non-smokers and the attribution of addiction. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16, 329-336, 1977a.
- EISER, J.R. & SUTTON, S.R. Smoking as a subjectively rational choice. Addictive Behaviours, 2, 129-134, 1977b.
- EISER, J.R., SUTTON, S.R. & WOBER, M. "Consonant" and "Dissonant" smokers and the self-attribution of addiction. Addictive Behaviours, 3, 99-106, 1978a.
- EISER, J.R., SUTTON, S.R. & WOBER, M. Smokers and non-smokers attributions about addiction; a case of actor-observer differences? British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17, 189-190, 1978b.
- EISER, J.R. Discrepancy, dissonance and the "dissonant" smoker. International Journal of the Addictions, 13, 1295-1305, 1978c.
- EISER, J.R. Addiction as attribution: cognitive processes in giving up smoking. In Eiser (ed.) Social Psychology and Behavioural Medicine. Chichester: Wiley, 1982.
- EISER, J.R., van der PLIGT, J. & RAW, M. Trying to stop smoking: effects of perceived addiction, attributions for failure and expectancy of success. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 8, 4, 321-341, 1985.
- EISER, J.R. Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press, 1986.
- FAGERSTROM, K. Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment. Addictive Behaviours, 3, 235-241.
- FEATHER, N. & SIMON, J. Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and success and failure of self and other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 173-188, 1971.
- FINCHAM, F.D. & JASPARS, J.M.F. Attribution of responsibility: From man the scientist to man as lawyer. In Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.13. New York: Academic Press.
- FINNIGAN, F. Stereotyping in Addiction: an application of the Fishbein-Ajzen theory to heroin using behaviour. Ph.D. thesis. University of Strathclyde Library, 1988.
- FINNIGAN, F. How non-heroin users perceive heroin users and how heroin users perceive themselves. Addiction Research, 4, 1, 25-32, 1996.
- FISHER, S. & COOPER, C. On the Move: The Psychology of Change and Transition. London: Wiley, 1990.
- FISHER, S. and REASON, J. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. London: Wiley, 1988.
- FRIEDMAN, J. & HUMPHREY, J.A. Antecedents of collegiate drinking. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 14, 1, 11-12, 1985. Cited in Casswell et al.
- FRIEZE, 1. & WEINER, B. Cue utilisation and attributional judgements for success and failure. Journal of Personality, 39, 596-605, 1971.
- GALLISTEL, C.R., STELLAR, J.R. & BUBIS, E. Parametric analysis of brain stimulation in the rat. 1. The transient process and the memory-containing process. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 87, 848-859.
- GILOVICH, T. Biased evaluation and persistence in gambling. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 44, 6, 1110-1126, 1983.
- GODDARD, E. Drinking and attitudes to licensing in Scotland. London: HMSO, 1986.
- GODDARD, E. & IKIN, C. Drinking in England and Wales in 1987. London: HMSO, 1988.
- GONZALEZ, G.M. Time and place of first drinking experience and parental knowledge as predictors of alcoholism and misuse in college. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 28(3), 24-33, 1983. Cited in Casswell et al.
- GOSS, A & MOROSKO, I.E. Relations between the dimension of internal-external control and the MMPI with an alcoholic population. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 34, 189-192, 1970.
- GOSSOP, M. & EISER, J.R. The addicts perceptions of their own drug-taking: implications for the treatment of drug dependence. Addictive Behaviours, 7, 189-194, 1982.
- GOSSOP, M. Compulsion, craving and conflict. In Warburton, D.M., Addiction Controversies, London: Harwood, 1990.
- GOZALL J. Control orientation as a personality dimension among alcoholics. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 32 (1A), 159-161, 1971.
- GREEN, D.M. & SWETS, J.A. Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. London: Wiley, 1966.
- GROVE, J.R. Attributional correlates of cessation self-efficacy among smokers. Addictive Behaviours, 18, 311-320, 1993.
- HAMBURGER, H. Games as models of social phenomena. San Francisco: Freeman & Co., 1979.
- HAMMERSLEY, R., MORRISON, V., DAVIES, J.B. & FORSYTH, A. Heroin Use and Crime: a comparison of heroin users and non-users in and out of prison. Scottish Office Central Research Unit Papers. 1990.
- HASTORF, A.H. & CANTRIL, H. They saw a game: a case study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 129-134, 1954.
- HAW, S. The sentencing of drug offenders in Scottish Courts. Report to SHHD Criminality and Law Research Group. SHHD Library, January 1989.
- HEATHER, N. & ROBERTSON, 1. Controlled Drinking. London: Methuen, 1981.
- HEATHER, N. & ROBERTSON, 1. Problem Drinking: The New Approach. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1985.
- HEIDER, F. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations: New York: Wiley, 1958.
- HEIDER, F. & SIMMEL, M. An experimental study of apparent behaviour. American Journal of Psychology, 57, 243-249, 1944.
- HEWSTONE, M. Attribution theory and common-sense explanations: an introductory overview. In M. Hewstone, Attribution Theory: social and functional extensions. Blackwell: Oxford, 1983. (Ch.1, 1-24.)
- HUME, D. A Treatise of Human Nature. 1739-40.
- JAHODA, G. A cross-cultural perspective on experimental social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5,142-148,1979.
- JAMES, W. What is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188-205, 1884.
- JAMES, W. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Dover Publications, 1890.
- JAMES, W.H., WOODRUFF, A.B. & WERNER, W. Effect of internal and external control upon changes in smoking behaviour. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 184-186, 1965.
- JELLINEK, E.M. The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. New Haven: Hillhouse, 1960.
- JENKINS, C.D., HURST, M.W. & ROSE, R.M. Life changes: do people really remember? Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 379-384, 1979.
- JENKS, R.J. Attitudes and perceptions toward smoking: smokers' views of themselves and other smokers. Journal of Social Psychology, 134, 3, 355-361, 1994.
- JESSOR, R., GRAVES, T.D., HANSON, R.C. & JESSOR, S.L. Society, Personality and Deviant Behaviour. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968.
- JOHNSON, R.N. & JOHNSON, L.D. Intraspecific aggression in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Cited in Johnson, R.N., Aggression in Mail and Animals. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1972.
- JOHNSON, T.J., FEIGENBAUM, R. & WEIBY, M. Some determinants and consequences of the teacher's perception of causation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, 237-246, 1964.
- JOHNSTON, B.B. Treatment perspectives in drug misuse: the opiate paradigm. In D.J.K. Balfour (ed.), Psychotropic Drugs of Abuse. New York: Pergamon, 1990.
- JONES, E.E. & DAVIS, K. From acts to dispositions. In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2. London and New York: Academic Press, 1965.
- JONES, E.E. & NISBETT, R.E. The actor and observer: divergent perceptions of the causes of behaviour. In Jones, E.E., Kanouse, D.E., Kelley, H.H., Nisbett, R.E., Valins, S. and Weiner, B. (eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behaviour. Morristown: General Learning Press, 1971.
- KELLEY, H.H. Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 15, 192-238. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967.
- KELLEY, H.H. & MICHELA, J.L. Attribution theory and research. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 457-503, 1980.
- KING, J. Attribution Theory and the Health Belief Model. In M. Hewstone, (ed.), Attribution Theory: Social and Functional Extensions. Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.
- KINKADE, K. A Waldon Two Experiment. New York: Morrow, 1973.
- KNIGHT, I. & WILSON, P. Scottish Licensing Laws. London: HMSO, 1980.
- KUHN, T.S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
- LADER, M. Introduction to Psychopharmacology. Michigan: Upjohn, 1983.
- LANGER, E.J. The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 2, 311-328, 1975.
- LATANE, B. & DARLEY, J.M. The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Doesn't He Help? New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1970.
- LICHTENSTEIN, E. & KEUTZER, C.S. Further normative correlation data on the internal-external (I-E) control of reinforcement scale. Psychological Reports, 21, 1911-1916, 1967.
- LILIENFELD, A.M. Emotional and other selected characteristics of smokers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 22, 259-282, 1959.
- LITMAN, G., EISER, J.R., RAWSON, S.B. & OPPENHEIM, A.N. Towards a typology of relapse: a preliminary report. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2, 157-162, 1977.
- LITMAN, G., EISER, J.R., RAWSON, S.B. & OPPENHEIM, A.N. Differences in relapse precipitants and coping behaviour between alcohol relapsers and survivors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 89-94, 1979.
- LITMAN, G.K., STAPLETON, J., OPPENHEIM, A.N. & PELEG, M. An instrument for measuring coping behaviours in hospitalised alcoholics; implications for relapse prevention treatment. British Journal of Addiction, 78, 269-276, 1983.
- LOCHEL, E. Sex differences in achievement motivation. In Jaspars, J., Fincham, F.D., Hewstone, M. (eds.), Attribution Theory and Research: Conceptual, Developmental and Social Dimensions. London: Academic Press, 1983.
- MCALLISTER, P. & DAVIES, J.B. Attributional bias as a function of clinical classification. Drug Issues, 22, 1, 139-153, 1992.
- MCKENNELL, A.C. Bias in the reported incidence of smoking in children. International Journal of Epidemiology, 9, 167-177, 1980.
- MACARTHUR, R.S. An experimental investigation of persistence in secondary school boys. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 8, 42-55, 1955.
- MACHAN, T.R. The Pseudo-science of B.F. Skinner. New York: Arlington House, 1974.
- MACRAE, J.R. & SIEGEL, S. Differential effects of morphine in self-administering and yoked-control rat. In D.J.K. Balfour, Psychotropic Drugs of Abuse. New York: Pergamon, 1990, p.81.
- MALKIN, D. An empirical investigation into some aspects of problem gambling. Masters Thesis; University of Western Australia 1981. Cited in Dickerson, M.G.; Compulsive Gamblers. London: Longman 1984.
- MARLATT, A. & GORDON, J.R. Relapse Prevention. New York: Guilford, 1955.
- McCONNOCHIE, F. Attitudes and Perceptions towards Alcohol and Addiction: a Socio-Cognitive Approach. Ph.D. thesis (in progress). Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, 1996.
- MICHOTTE, A. La Perception de la Causalité. In Vernon, M.D. Experiments in Visual Perception. London: Penguin, 1946. (p.261)
- MILES, T.R. & MILES, E. Help for Dyslexic Children. London: Methuen, 1983.
- MILLER, D.T. & ROSS, M. Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality. Fact or fiction? Psychological Bulletin, 82, 213-225, 1975.
- MUGFORD, S.K. & O'MALLEY, P. Policies Unfit for Heroin? A Critique of Dorn and South. International journal on Drug Policy, 2, 1, 16-22, 1990.
- NADRITH, M.P. Locus of control and drinking pattern in army trainees. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 96, 1975.
- NEWCOMBE, R.D. & RUTTER, D.R. Ten reasons why ANOVA theory and research fail to explain attribution processes. 1. Conceptual Problems. Current Psychological Reviews, 2, 95-108, 1982a.
- NEWCOMBE, R.D. & RUTTER, D.R. Ten reasons why ANOVA theory and research fail to explain attribution processes. 2. Methodological Problem. Current Psychological Reviews, 2, 153-170, 1982b.
- NICHOLS, J.R., HEADLEE, C.P. & COPPOCK, H.W. Drug Addiction 1. Addiction by escape training. Journal of the American Pharmacological Association, 45, 788-791, 1956.
- O'DOHERTY, F. The effect of naturally occurring life events on changes in consumption of alcohol, tobacco and heroin. Ph.D. thesis. University of Strathclyde Library, 1988.
- O'DOHERTY, F. & DAVIES, J.B. Life events and addiction: a critical review. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 127-137, 1987.
- O'DOTHERTY, F. & DAVIES, J.B. Life events, stress and addiction. In Fisher S. and Reason, J. (eds.), Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. Chichester: Wiley, 1988.
- OGDEN, J. & WARDLE, J. Control of eating and attributional style. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 445-446, 1990.
- OLDMAN, D. Compulsive gamblers. Sociological Review, 26, 349-71, 1978.
- ORFORD, J. Excessive Appetites. London: Wiley, 1984.
- PEMBERTON, C. The closure factors related to temperament. Journal of Personality, 21, 159-175, 1952.
- PETERSON, C., SEMMEL, A., VONBAEYER, C., ABRUMSUN, L.Y., METALSKY, G.I. & SELIGMAN, M.E.P. The Attribution Style Questionnaire. Cognitive Research and Therapy, 6, 287-300, 1982.
- PILIAVIN, I.M., RODIN, J. & PILIAVIN, J.A. Good Samaritanism: an underground phenomenon? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 289-299, 1969.
- PLANT, M.A., PECK, D. & SAMUEL, E. Alcohol, drugs and school leavers. London: Tavistock, 1985.
- POPPER, K. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson: London, 1959.
- POULTON, E.C. Bias in Quantifying Judgements. Sussex: Erlbaum, 1989.
- POULTON, E.C. The new psychophysics: Six models for magnitude estimation. Psychological Bulletin, 69, 1-19, 1968.
- QUIN, V. & MACAUSLAN, A. Dyslexia: What Parents Ought to Know. London: Penguin, 1986.
- ROSECRANCE, J. Adapting to failure: the case of horse race gamblers. journal of Gambling Behaviour, 2, (2), 81-94, 1986.
- ROSENSTOCK, I. Why people use health services. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 44, 94-127, 1966. (Cited in King 1983)
- ROSENSTOCK, 1. The Health Belief Modal and Preventive Health Behaviour. Health Education Monographs, 2, 354-386.
- ROSSI, J.S., PROCHASKA, J.O., & DiCLEMENTE, C.C. Processes of change in heavy and light smokers. Journal of Substance Abuse, 1, 1-9, 1988.
- ROSS, L. The Interactive Psychologist and his Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process. In L. Berkowitz (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.10. New York: Pergamon, 1977.
- ROSS, M. Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories. Psychological Review, 96, 2, 341-357, 1989.
- ROTTER, J.B. Generalised expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1, 1966.
- ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS Alcohol: Our Favourite Drug. London: Tavistock, 1986.
- ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS Drug Scenes. London: Graskell, 1987.
- SCHMID, I., SCHARFETTER, C. & BINDER, J. Lebensereignisse in Abhangigkeit von Soziodemographischen Variablen. Social Psychiatry, 16, 63-68,1981.
- SHAVER, K.G. The Attribution of Blame. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
- SKINNER, B.F. Beyond Freedom and Dignity. Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1973.
- SKINNER, BY About Behaviourism. London: Jonathan Cape, 1974.
- SKINNER, B.F. Reflection on Behaviourism and Society. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1978.
- SKINNER, B.F. Walden Two. New York: Macmillan, 1948,1976.
- STEWART, J., DE WIT, H., & ElKELBOOM, R. Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91, 251-268, 1984.
- STEWART, R.M. & BROWN, R.I.F. An outcome study of gamblers anonymous. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 284-288, 1988.
- STIMSON, G.V. AIDS and HIV: the challenge for British drug services. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 329-339, 1990.
- STIMSON, G. & OPPENHEIMER, E. Heroin Addiction. London: Tavistock, 1982.
- STOTT, D.H. Some psychosomatic aspects of casualty in reproduction. journal of Psychosomatic Research, 3, 42-45, 1958.
- STRAITS, B.C. & SECHREST, L. Further support of some findings about characteristics of smokers and non-smokers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 27, 282, 1973.
- STUART, K., BORLAND, R. & McMURRAY, N. Self-efficacy, health locus of control, and smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviours, 19, 1, 1-12, 1994.
- THOMPSON & OSTLUND, W. Susceptibility to readdiction as a function of the addiction and withdrawal environments. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 60, 388-392, 1965.
- TOTMAN, R. Philosophical foundations of attribution therapies. In Antaki, C. and Brewin, C. (eds.), Attribution and Psychological Change. London: Academic Press, 1982. (Ch.3)
- VAN DER PLIGT, J. & EISER, J.R. Actors and observers attributions, self-serving bias and positivity bias. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 95-104, 1983.
- VERNON, M.D. Experiments in Visual Perception. Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1966.
- WANN, T.W. (ed.) Behaviourism and Phenomenology. Contrasting bases for modern psychology. London: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
- WATSON, P. War on the Mind. London: Hutchinson, 1978.
- WEARY, G. Examination of affect and egotism as mediators of bias in causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 348-357, 1980.
- WEINER, B. Achievement Motivation and Attribution Theory. N. Jersey: General Learning Press, 1974.
- WEINER ' B., FRIEZE, I., KUKLA, A., REED, L., REST, S. & ROSEN BAUM, R.M. Perceiving the causes of success and failure. In E.E. Jones et al (eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behaviour. New Jersey, GLP, 1971.
- WEST, R.W. & KRANZLER, H.R. Craving for cigarettes and psychoactive drugs. In Warburton, D. (ed.), Addiction Controversies. London: Harwood, 1990.
- WHEELER, H. (ed.) Beyond the Punitive Society. London: Wildwood House, 1973.
- WHITE, F. Cocaine and Mesoaccumbens dopamine neurotransmission. In D.M. Warburton, Addiction Controversies. Harwood: London, 1990.
- WHITTAKER, E.M. Dyslexia and the flat earth. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 35, 97-98, 1982.
- WILSON, P. Drinking in England and Wales. London: HMSO, 1980.
- WISE, R.A. The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence. In Balfour, D.J.K., Psychotropic Drugs of Abuse. New York: Pergamon, 1990.
- WITKIN, H.K. & ASCH, S.E. Studies in space orientation: III Perception of the upright in the absence of a visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 603-614, 1948.
- WITKIN, H.A. & ASCH, S.E. Studies in space orientation: IV. Further experiments on perception of the upright with displaced visual fields. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.38, 762-782, 1948.
- WITKIN, H.A. & GOODENOUGH, D.R. Cognitive Styles: Essence and Origins. Psychological Issues. Monograph 51. New York: International Universities Press Inc., 1981.
- WONG, G. The obsessional aspects of compulsive gambling. Society for the Study of Gambling. London 1980. In Dickerson, Compulsive Gamblers. London: Longman, 1984.